Neotinea maculata (Desf.) Stearn, Ann. Mus. Goulandris 2: 79 (1974 publ. 1975).
Homotypic Synonyms:
Satyrium maculatum Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 319 (1799).
Tinea cylindrica Biv., Giorn. Sci. Sicilia 50: 205 (1835), nom. superfl.
Tinea maculata (Desf.) Vis., Fl. Dalmat. 3: 353 (1851).
Aceras maculatum (Desf.) Gren. in J.C.M.Grenier & D.A.Godron, Fl. France 3: 282 (1855).
Orchis maculata (Desf.) Batt. & Trab., Fl. Alger: 198 (1884), nom. illeg.
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Orchis intacta Link, J. Bot. (Schrader) 2: 322 (1799).
Satyrium densiflorum Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 22 (1804).
Orchis atlantica Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 42 (1805).
Orchis secundiflora Bertol., Rar. Lig. [Ital.] Pl. 2: 42 (1806).
Ophrys densiflora (Brot.) Desf., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 228 (1807).
Satyrium parviflorum Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 506 (1807), nom. illeg.
Himantoglossum parviflorum Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 694 (1826).
Himantoglossum secundiflorum (Bertol.) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 120 (1830).
Aceras secundiflorum (Bertol.) Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1525 (1832).
Peristylus atlanticus (Willd.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 300 (1835).
Peristylus densiflorus (Brot.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 298 (1835).
Satyrium atlanticum (Willd.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 300 (1835).
Ophrys secundiflora Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 768 (1840), pro syn.
Aceras densiflorum (Brot.) Boiss., Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 595 (1842).
Orchis sagittata Munby, Fl. Algérie: 100 (1847).
Aceras intactum (Link) Rchb.f. in H.G.L.Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 2 (1850).
Peristylus maculatus Lindl. ex Rchb.f. in H.G.L.Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 2 (1850), pro syn.
Neotinea intacta (Link) Rchb.f., De Pollin. Orchid.: 29 (1852).
Coeloglossum densiflorum Hartm. ex Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 164 (1861), pro syn.
Orchis ecalcarata Costa & Vayr, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 9: 97 (1880).
Habenaria intacta (Link) Lindl. ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 354 (1881).
Tinea intacta (Link) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 58 (1882).
Aceras densiflorum f. bifidum J.A.Guim., Bol. Soc. Brot. 5: 57, 248 (1887).
Aceras densiflorum f. tridentatum J.A.Guim., Bol. Soc. Brot. 5: 57, 248 (1887).
Aceras vayredae K.Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 276 (1890).
Orchis ustulata var. ecalcarata (Costa & Vayr) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2: 291 (1890).
Orchis imbecilla Sol. ex Britten, J. Bot. 42: 181 (1904).
Neotinea intacta var. bifida (J.A.Guim.) E.G.Camus, Bergon & A.Camus, Monogr. Orchid.: 244 (1908).
Neotinea intacta var. tridentata (J.A.Guim.) E.G.Camus, Bergon & A.Camus, Monogr. Orchid.: 244 (1908).
Neotinea intacta f. bifida (J.A.Guim.) Soó, Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 91 (1928).
Neotinea intacta f. tridentata (J.A.Guim.) Soó, Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 91 (1928).
Neotinea intacta f. luteola Renz, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 210 (1930).
Neotinea maculata var. stricta Landwehr, Wilde Orchid. Eur. 2: 556 (1977).
Neotinea maculata f. alba Maire & Weiller ex F.M.Vázquez, Folia Bot. Extremadur. 3: 92 (2009).
Neotinea maculata f. luteola (Renz) F.M.Vázquez, Folia Bot. Extremadur. 3: 92 (2009).
Description:
A glabrous erect herb, 25-45 cm. high; stem robust straight, clothed with 4-5 loose cucullate herbaceous sheaths; leaves 2, radical, lying appressed to the ground, nearly round, fleshy, 6-9 cm. in diameter; spike oblong usually densely many-fl., sometimes loosely few-fl., flowers spreading; bracts lanceolate membranous reflexed; side sepals narrow-elliptical, spreading-deflexed, the odd sepal narrower, all 1-1-2 cm. long; petals obliquely lanceolate obtuse, a little shorter than the sepals; lip galeate ovate with a free erect very obtuse apex, spurs filiform 1-1,2 cm as long as the ovary, or longer; column long, nearly straight rostellum rhomboidal, narrowly three-toothed m front; stigmatiferous lobe cordate-reniform emarginate, about as long as the rostellum but much wider; ovary oblong slender straight.
Note:
Flowers creamy white, or pale rose, or lilac, always with purple spots or stripes on the petals, and on the inside of the lip, and sometimes on the middle sepal. The floral characters seem pretty constant, but the vegetative are variable: sometimes it is a stout-stemmed, many flowered, handsome plant, with large loose sheaths sometimes slender, the sheaths greatly reduced, and the flowers much fewer.
Habitat:
This orchid grows in full sunshine or mid-shade and tolerates alkaline and slightly acidic soils.
Flowering times:
March and April.
Distribution:
Macaronesia, NW. Europe to Medit.
References:
Pierre Delforge (2005) Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East; A&C Black
Images:
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